Why Isn’t My Cat Using the Litter Box? A Checklist for Frustrated Cat Owners

Aug 15

If you’ve ever returned home to a surprise outside the litter box, you know the frustration—but don’t panic! Cats are usually very particular about where they go. When they start avoiding the litter box, it’s a signal that something isn’t right. Here’s a guide to help you figure out why—and how to fix it.

Step 1: Rule Out Health Issues

Cats may avoid the litter box if they are experiencing pain or discomfort. Common health causes include:

Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Kidney disease
Diabetes
Osteoarthritis (OA) – OA is very common in cats, with nearly 40% showing clinical signs and over 90% of cats older than 12 having radiographic evidence of joint disease. Pain from OA can make climbing in and out of the litter box uncomfortable.

Checklist:

Schedule a vet visit to rule out medical problems
Monitor for straining, blood in urine, or frequent trips to the box
Watch for stiffness, limping, or reluctance to jump

Step 2: Check the Litter Box Situation

Cats can be picky about their bathroom setup. Consider these common issues:

Cleanliness – Cats hate dirty litter boxes
Number of boxes – Rule of thumb: one per cat, plus one extra
Location – Avoid noisy or high-traffic areas
Type of litter – Some cats dislike scented or clumping litters
Box size & style – Covered boxes can trap odors; some cats prefer open boxes

Checklist:

Scoop daily and deep clean weekly
Provide enough boxes in quiet, accessible spots
Experiment with litter types and box styles
Consider low-sided boxes for cats with OA or mobility issues

Step 3: Stress and Environment

Cats are sensitive creatures, and stress can trigger litter box avoidance. Stressors might include:

New pets or people - and yes we are looking at you, new and annoying kitten!
Changes in furniture or routines
Loud noises or renovations
Territorial disputes with other cats

Checklist:

Provide hiding spots and vertical space
Keep a consistent routine
Use calming pheromones or diffusers

Step 4: Behavioral Reasons

Sometimes, it’s not medical or environmental—it’s just behavior. Examples include:

Marking territory (especially in unneutered cats)
Preference for soft surfaces like carpet
Learned habits after a single “accident”

Checklist:

Make previously soiled areas less appealing (clean with enzymatic cleaners)
Reward litter box use with praise or treats
Consider a larger or different type of litter box

Step 5: When to Call in the Experts

If your cat continues avoiding the litter box despite your best efforts, it may be time for professional help:

A veterinarian to check for hidden medical issues, including OA
A cat behaviorist to address complex behavioral problems

Bottom Line

Litter box problems can be frustrating, but they’re usually solvable. By checking your cat’s health, litter setup, environment, and behavior, you can figure out what’s going on—and get your furry friend back on track.

Fun Quick Checklist for Owners: