What is an Ehrlichia test

An Ehrlichia test is a test that detects the presence of Ehrlicia.  Ehrlichia are a type of bacteria that are transmitted to animals by tick bites.  Several types of ticks can transmit the disease, including the Brown Dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus).  These bacteria cause an infection that affects the white blood cells, which are cells that help fight infection. 

How It Works

It is very difficult to identify the bacteria in a blood smear under the microscope.  Diagnosis of Ehrlichiosis is made through the presence of classic clinical signs (weakness, palor, lethargy) and also through blood testing.  Initial CBC (complete blood count) blood test may show low platelet and red blood cell numbers. Platelets are cells that help the blood clot.  When the red blood cell numbers are low, it results in a condition called anemia. 

A special test that checks for antibodies for Ehrlichia can be run to diagnose this condition.  The test can be ran in the clinic or could be sent out to an outside diagnostic laboratory.  It checks for specific antibodies which a dog’s immune system will make when exposed to the bacteria.

A positive Ehrlichia antibody test is not a definitive diagnosis because it can either mean that the animal has an active infection or can simply mean that the animal was only exposed to the bacteria.  A negative Ehrlichia antibody test would occur if the animal has not been exposed to Ehrlichia or if its in the early stages before the animal produces antibodies.  Most experts recommend checking for Ehrlichia through antibody titer in combination with a test called PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to give a confirmed diagnosis. The PCR test is usually ran through an outside laboratory.

Benefits of  Ehrlychia Testing

 Early detection and treatment of the Ehrlychiosis can give a better prognosis for the pet, since ehrylichia can cause severe effects and can be fatal.