A retrospective case series evaluated theophylline-based therapy in tracheal collapse in dogs. Forty-seven dogs with tracheal collapse that received theophylline-based therapy during 2013–2017 were investigated. Clinical improvements were observed in 46/47 patients (97.9%). The symptom-free period with therapy was 189.7 ± 194.45 days (range, 0–720 days.) There was no statistically significant correlation between the symptom resolution and age, sex, or tracheal collapse grade on fluoroscopy.

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A retrospective study of theophylline-based therapy with tracheal collapse in small-breed dogs: 47 cases (2013-2017).